摘要: 本研究运用参与观察与深度访谈结合的方式对小学校园内送礼行为进行了实地研究。文中主要运用三部不同著作的概念构架，来分析小学校园的孩子是否单纯。其一，莫斯的《论馈赠-传统社会的交换形式及其功能》从人类学的角度，提供了“描述”意义上的分析框架，帮助我们将校园之礼进行分类和分析礼物所带来的意义；其二，哈贝马斯的《交换行为理论》，从社会哲学角度，提供了“批判”意义上的分析框架，帮助我们理解礼物背后的主人所带来的社会影响；其三，斯彭维尔的《人类的十八种美德（单纯篇）》从伦理学的角度，提供了“价值”意义上的分析框架，告诉我们应该怎样看待儿童的单纯。研究结果表明，校园内的送礼行为呈现为一张复杂的关系网，孩子们却常常是迷惑的“当局者”，藉着家长的“教育”，他们很快的看清这一切，成长为一个个“小大人”，儿童的美德—单纯逐渐被工具理性所侵蚀，蕴含在“礼物”中的内在之善让位于通过送礼而达到的工具之善。
关键词: 礼物; 单纯; 实地研究
[Abstract]This research is mainly starting from primary school’s gifts exchanged between teachers and students .The means of research observation are participation and In-depth interviews .In the paper, you will find three different of books that we used to expose the theme of whether the children are innocence . Firstly, the theory of gift, written by Marcel Mauls, in the view of Anthropology, provides the analytical framework in the sense of the "Description, which helps us classify and analyze the significance of influence on gifts. Secondly, the theory of gifts exchanged form Jorgen Habermas, from the perspective of social philosophy, provides the analytical framework in the sense of “critical”, which lead us to understand the social impact behind the gifts. Lastly but not the least ,the book named Human’s 18 virtues provide the analytical framework on the meaning of “value” , which tells us how we should treat the children’s innocence .The results show that exchanging gifts form a complex relationship in primary school ,seem like a net . The children in the net are often confused. Owing to the Family’s education, some children see everything and become “little adults”, innocence of children gradually replaced by instrumental rationality, the inner goodness contained in the “gift” giving to the good of and tools from the gifts.
[Key words] Gifts, Children’s innocence, Filed study
