摘要:随着经济发展和社会的不断进步，各个国家对环境保护的重视程度越来越高，如何节约有限资源将废旧物品重新利用，变废为宝，提高企业经济效益正在成为各企业关注的重点。同时，企业追求利润最大化的基本原则和可持续发展的理念，又迫使各企业实施内部的流程再造。近年来家电产品更新换代速度加快，家电企业数量不断增多，较高的废旧家电淘汰率要求我们必须思考如何处理淘汰了的电器产品。仅凭社会中零散的废旧家电回收人员将其随意丢弃，长远来说是不可取的，因为这些家电中含有的有毒物质和难分解的废料会严重污染环境，同时会危害身体健康。
从社会经济和环保两个角度考虑，本文进行了有关家电产品回收逆向物流的方案设计，在设计过程中本人走访了惠州TCL企业物流部门负责人，运用座谈调查法对目前TCL的家电物流进行了调查。在调查分析中发现存在的问题：包括回收的废旧家电无包装，裸机装车容易引起二次损坏减少利用价值；大部分回收后的废旧家电都不能挖掘价值，回收阶段的物流投入成本很高，无法获得利润等。
设计方案从回收、再加工、再利用三个阶段入手，以节约环保为理念，将家电回收组成一个完整的逆向物流体系，使每个节点都紧密联系。设计重点通过对回收网点的选址分类，家电回收的方法和回收后家电的有效处理三方面完善废旧家电回收过程，结合企业实际运营情况，选择较有优势的废旧家电回收模式，以提高整个逆向物流运作的可行性，从而为企业节约资源，创造更多价值。
关键字：逆向物流 家电回收 设计方案
Abstract:With the sustainable development of today’s economy and society, almost all countries are starting to pay more and more attention to environmental protection. The focus of varieties of enterprises is on how to save limited resources and promote their business benefits by recycling the wasted materials. However, the principles of enterprises making as much benefit as possible as well as their concept of sustainable development force them to carry out the inner recycling process. In recent years, the upgrading of appliance products has been sped up, the number of the enterprises making appliance products is becoming larger and larger, and the high rate of abandoning old appliance products make it necessary for everyone to reflect on how to sort out the abandoned appliance products. In consideration of social development and environmental protection, the writer has made a design scheme for reverse logistics of appliance products. On the first stage, she had interviewed the manager of TCL Logistics Department, talked with some relevant staffs and carried out a survey about TCL reverse logistics, the analyses of which suggests that the collected wasted or abandoned appliance products which are usually carried back to the factories without being packed or sheltered are likely to cause another damage to themselves reducing their usable value , most of them are not even worthy to be developed in value and what’s more, it is difficult to benefit from its reverse logistics because of the high cost on the stage of reverse logistics. This article introduces a new design scheme for reverse logistics based on a concept of collecting, recycling and reusing the wasted or abandoned appliance products with the purpose of saving resources and protecting environment. It is a complete system for reverse logistics of appliance products with every stage tightly connected. It focuses on how to choose collecting stations, how to collect used appliance products, and how to sort out them . Actually, it is an advanced mode of recycling abandoned appliance products aiming the promotion of the feasibility of reverse logistics in order to help enterprises save resources and benefit more.
Key Words：abandoned appliance products； reverse logistics；design scheme
