摘要:电梯是一个具有特种容载装置的轿厢沿着恒定不变的铅锤导轨，在不同水平面间，做间歇运动的用电力驱动的起重机械。1889年12月，美国奥的斯电梯公司制造出了名副其实的电梯，它采用直流电动机为动力，通过蜗轮减速器带动卷筒上缠绕的绳索，悬挂并升降轿厢。1892年，美国奥的斯公司开始采用按钮操纵装置，取代传统的轿厢内拉动绳索的操纵方式，为操纵方式现代化开了先河。从此以后，电梯这个产品，一直在日新月异地发展着。随着电子工业的发展，可编程序控制器和电子计算机成功地应用到电梯的电气控制系统中去后，电梯产品的质量和运行效果显著提高。
电梯曳引机是电梯的电力驱动系统的主要组成部件，其设计质量和强度将直接影响电梯的使用寿命和运行的可靠性。控制系统是电梯安全、快捷运行的一个重要保证。本课题主要从以下几个方面对五层电梯的曳引机结构与电梯控制系统的设计进行研究：
（1）五层电梯曳引机结构部分设计。主要完成曳引机主传动机构的设计计算，其中包括总装配、变速箱及各个零件的设计；涡轮、蜗杆、各个轴的强度计算与选择；轴系零件配合精度的计算。
（2）五层电梯控制系统设计。基于三菱FX2N为核心的可编程控制器（PLC）的电梯控制系统设计，设计过程中主要完成控制系统硬件设计、软件设计、系统工作流程分析、主要部分功能梯形图分析。采用模块化设计，充分利用PLC 中的各种指令优化程序，缩短PLC程序扫描时间，保证电梯的精度。
（3）运用AutoCAD绘制曳引机装配图、主要零部件图及其结构零件图。
（4）PLC程序编写。
通过以上内容的设计研究学到了电梯工作的原理，保证了部件间的配合。在设计中除使用传统方法外，应用了CAD绘图、三菱FX2N编程。在有限的时间里圆满完成了五层电梯曳引机结构与控制系统设计，取得了比较满意的效果，达到了预期的设计意图。对电梯的研究及发展有很好的利用价值。
关键词:电梯；电梯曳引机；曳引机主传动机构；PLC；电梯控制
Abstract: The elevator is a special bearing device for car along a constant vertical guide rails, in different level, make intermittent motion driven by electricity hoisting machinery. In 1889 December, the United States Otis Elevator Co made be worthy of the name of the elevator, it uses the DC motor as the driving force, through the worm gear speed reducer drives the winding on the reel rope, hanging and lifting car. In 1892, the United States of America Otis companies began to use a button control device, replacing the traditional car pull rope manipulation, manipulation of modern precedent. Since then, the product has been in the elevator, developing day by day with. With the development of electronic industry, programmable controller and computer successfully applied to elevator electrical control system to go after, elevator product quality and running effect is improved obviously.
Elevator tractors elevator electric drive system is the main components, and its design quality and strength will directly affect the service life of the elevator and the operation reliability of. The elevator control system is safe, efficient operation of an important guarantee. This subject mainly from the following aspects of the five layers of elevator traction machine structure and the design of control system are studied:
(1) The five layers of elevator tractors structure parts design. Main complete traction machine Lord transmission mechanism design calculation, including general assembly, gearbox and various parts of the design; Each shaft turbine, worm, strength calculation and selection; Axis with the calculation precision parts.
(2) Five elevator control system design. Based on FX2N Mitsubishi as the core of the programmable controller (PLC) of elevator control system design, the design process control system mainly complete hardware design, software design, system work flow analysis, major part function ladder diagram analysis. Modular design makes full use of PLC in various instructions optimization program, shorten PLC program scanning time, and ensure the precision of the elevator.
(3) Use AutoCAD draw traction machine assembly drawing, main parts drawing and its structure drawing.
Through the above design part of the calculation and check a watch, determine the selection of standard, using AutoCAD drawing; make a design more perfect and intuitive.
(4) PLC programming and debugging.
Through the above content design research learned the elevator work principle; ensure the cooperation among the components. In the design of the traditional method used in addition to, the application of CAD was drawing, Mitsubishi FX2N programming. In the limited time the successful completion of the five layers of elevator tractors structure and control system design, has obtained the satisfactory effect, achieve the expected design intent. The research and development of elevator has very good use value.
Keywords：Elevator; Elevator tractors; Traction machine Lord Transmission mechanism; PLC; Elevator control.
